Synthesis & Transformation WS (1)1. Dolly said that her cakes tasted better than Rosna’s.
2. Having no time to lose, we really must hurry.
3. Snow White lived deep in the forest where she was hiding from her stepmother.
4. Aldrin travelled a great distance to attend the interview only to be rejected for the job. (Do not accept : “only to attend the interview”)
5. Goliath is stronger and taller than me.
Goliath is stronger and taller than I am.
6. Moses has started walking to work so as to get more exercise.
7. Neither Jekyll nor Hyde likes smoking.
Neither Jekyll nor Hyde loves smoking.
Neither Jekyll nor Hyde likes to smoke.
8. Unless Georgie Porgie stopped kissing the girls, they would cry.
Unless Georgie Porgie stopped kissing the girls, he would make them cry.
Unless Georgie Porgie kissed the girls, they would not have cried. Unless Georgie Porgie kissed the girls, he would not have made them cry.
9. Linda cannot attend the performance unless she has the ticket.
10. Curiosity caused Tom to start shaking his toy.
Tom’s curiosity caused him to start shaking his toy.
It was Tom’s curiosity that caused him to start shaking his toy.
11. Joseph’s forgetfulness in doing his homework three days in a row caused the teacher to get/ become angry.
Joseph caused the teacher to become angry as he forgot to do his homework three days in a row.
Joseph caused the teacher to become angry by forgetting to do his homework three days in a row.
The teacher’s anger was caused by Joseph forgetting to do his homework three days in a row.
The teacher’s anger was caused because Joseph forgot to do his homework three days in a row.
Joseph forgot to do his homework three days in a row which caused the teacher to become angry.
12. The cause of the accident was the driver’s negligence.
The cause of the accident was due to the driver’s negligence.
13. Despite being tired, I could not sleep.
Despite my tiredness, I could not sleep.
Despite the fact that I was tired, I could not sleep.
Synthesis & Transformation WS (2)1. Neither Jane nor her classmates knew the answer.
2. Mr Li whom you spoke to just now is the captain.
Mr Li, whom you spoke to just now, is the captain.
Mr Li is the captain whom you spoke to just now.
3. John asked (me) whether I could lend him my pen.
John asked (me) whether he could borrow my pen.
4. I do not know her well enough to ask her for help.
I do not know her well enough to ask for her help.
I do not know her well enough so I cannot ask her for help.
5. Alice’s application to study in Canada had been approved.
6. The little girl whom she met while shopping is her neighbour.
The little girl, whom she met while shopping, is her neighbour.
7. Dr Tan, whom I went to, gave me two days’ medical leave.
Dr Tan whom I went to gave me two days’ medical leave.
8. The nurse whom my mother is talking to now is my aunt.
The nurse, whom my mother is talking to now, is my aunt.
My aunt, whom my mother is talking to now, is a nurse.
9. Kelvin whom the teachers agree (that he) is a Maths genius is taking part in the Maths Quiz.
Kelvin, whom the teachers agree (that he) is a Maths genius, is taking part in the Maths Quiz.
10. Kumar asked where his shoes were.
11. The clothes were washed and hung on the line by Jennifer.
The clothes hanging on the line were/ had been washed by Jennifer.
The clothes were washed by Jennifer and then hung on the line.
The clothes washed by Jennifer were hung on the line.
The clothes which Jennifer washed were hung on the line.
12. The shadow on the floor was cast by sunlight shining through the window.
The shadow was cast on the floor when sunlight shone through the window.
The shadow was cast on the floor by sunlight shining through the window.
The shadow on the floor was cast by sunlight shining through the window.
The shadow was cast on the floor due to sunlight shining through the window.
The shadow was cast on the floor as sunlight shone through the window.
13. Ann asked me not to tell anybody (about) what had happened.
14. Neither the maids nor the housekeeper was happy with Mr Lee.
Neither the housekeeper nor the maids were happy with Mr Lee.
Synthesis & Transformation WS (3)1. They have chosen the site where they will camp for the night.
This is the site where they have chosen to camp for the night.
2. Seeing that everything was ready, the compere began the ceremony.
3. Not one of the boys from my class was chosen for the school team.
Not one boy from my class was chosen for the school team.
4. On his way to school, Lester helped an old woman carry her basket of fruit.
On his way to school, Lester helped an old woman by carrying her basket of fruit.
5. Cooking for ten hungry children is a task Mrs Koh does not enjoy doing.
Cooking for ten hungry children is not what Mrs Koh enjoys doing.
Cooking for ten hungry children is not what Mrs Koh enjoys.
Cooking for ten hungry children is what Mrs Koh does not enjoy.
Cooking for ten hungry children is a task/ thing that Mrs Koh does not enjoy.
Cooking for ten hungry children is not enjoyed by Mrs Koh.
Cooking for ten hungry children is not enjoyable for Mrs Koh. (note : ‘enjoyable’ cannot be followed by ‘to’)
6. Siti, together with several other dancers, is dancing to the music of the band.
7. Little does Ann realize how serious her operation is.
8. All but Joe were punished.
9. The sports meet will start at one if it does not rain.
The sports meet will not start at one if it rains.
10. Miss Lee asked May what she had done the day before/ the previous day.
11. I did not break the vase and neither did my sister.
My sister did not break the vase and neither did I.
The vase was not broken by me and neither was it broken by my sister.
12. On hearing from Margaret that his car had been hit by a motorcycle, Abraham ran out to check.
On hearing Margaret say that his car had been hit by a motorcycle, Abraham ran out to check.
On hearing Margaret tell him that his car had been hit by a motorcycle, Abraham ran out to check.
13. She seemed to be the only one who understood what I had said.
Synthesis & Transformation WS (4)1. The boys prefer hiking to canoeing.
2. Unless he studies hard, he will not do well.
3. Paul went shopping without informing his mother.
4. John told me that he had bought that pair of jeans at the sale.
5. Neither Meiling nor Dick is willing to clean the windows.
6. May asked her sister why she was in such a hurry.
7. The detective asked the suspect where he/ she had been at the time of the robbery.
8. James told me that he had just arrived in Singapore two days before.
9. Tom explained to me that he had been busy so he had not gone to the party the previous day.
10. Devi said that she had bought the air ticket the day before and would fly off to Austria the following day.
11. Not only is Maria intelligent, she is also witty and kind-hearted.
12. Pamphlets were given out by the salesgirl at the shopping mall to advertise the shop’s opening sale.
13. In spite of my foolish mistake, Mrs Lim did not reprimand me.
In spite of the foolish mistake I had made, Mrs Lim did not reprimand me.
In spite of the fact that I had made a foolish mistake, Mrs Lim did not reprimand me.
Synthesis & Transformation WS (5)1. He asked me whether I could lend him my dictionary.
He asked me whether he could borrow my dictionary.
2. In view of your good behaviour, I will excuse you this time.
In view of the fact that you have been well-behaved, I will excuse you this time.
In view of you being well-behaved, I will excuse you this time.
3. While waiting for the bus, I saw someone waving/ wave to me.
4. News of his daughter’s tragic death arrived as soon as he reached home from the office.
5. No matter how cheap the food is, Mary does not want to go to that restaurant again.
No matter how cheap the food in that restaurant is, Mary does not want to go there again.
6. The food in the bowl was eaten by the cat.
7. Armed with guns, the burglars fought it out with the policemen.
8. Mr Chong wanted to know where John had gone the previous day/ the day before.
9. Despite Madam Tay’s age, she has an independent spirit and prefers to work.
Despite the fact that Madam Tay is old, she has an independent spirit and prefers to work.
Despite being old, Madam Tay has an independent spirit and prefers to work.
10. Unless Father has a ladder, he cannot hang up the curtains.
Unless Father has a ladder, he cannot hang the curtains up.
Unless he has a ladder, Father cannot hang up the curtains.
Unless he has a ladder, Father cannot hang the curtains up.
11. Grandparents are often taken for granted by their grandchildren and treated rudely.
Grandparents are often taken for granted and treated rudely by their grandchildren.
12. Care is always taken by the school-bus driver in driving the children to school.
Care is always taken by the school-bus driver when driving the children to school.
13. Mother asked me how long I had taken to walk to the library that day.
Synthesis & Transformation WS (6)1. Out of respect for their guest-of-honour, the members of the audience sat down only after he had done so.
Out of respect, the members of the audience sat down only after their guest-of-honour had done so.
2. Mary whom I am waiting for is two hours late.
3. The doctor told the patient not to take his/her medicine before meals.
4. Betty and Cindy denied breaking the glasses.
Betty and Cindy denied (that) they were the ones who had broken the glasses.
Betty and Cindy denied being responsible for breaking the glasses.
5. Eunice could not recall/ remember where she had placed her book.
6. No matter how hard Kathy tries, she is unable to get a promotion.
7. Not only was her composition interesting, it was also neatly written.
Not only was her composition interesting, but it was also neatly written.
8. After Charmaine had finished painting her room, she took a shower.
After having finished painting her room, Charmaine took a shower.
After painting her room, Charmaine took a shower.
9. Jenny apologised and promised she would not make the same mistake again.
10. The laundry should be done while the baby is still sleeping.
11. Seeing my look of confusion, the kind passer-by asked me if he could help.
Seeing my confused look, the kind passer-by asked me if he could help.
Seeing my confused expression, the kind passer-by asked me if he could help.
12. Due to the manager’s failure to lock the safe before leaving the store, theft resulted.
Due to the failure of the manager to lock the safe before leaving the store, theft resulted.
Due to the fact that manager failed to lock the safe before leaving the store, theft resulted.
13. Owing to the heavy rain, the basketball match was cancelled.
Synthesis & Transformation WS (7)1. It was too dark for us to see the burglar’s face clearly.
2. Siti, as well as her brothers, was rewarded for returning the wallet.
3. No matter how hard John tried, he was unable to come in first in the race.
4. The pianist whose performance was outstanding received the longest applause.
5. Mrs Lee apologised for having to leave the party so early.
Mrs Lee apologized for she had to leave the party early.
6. By the time the refreshment arrived, the guests had already left.
7. Besides (visiting) America, Sumathi is visiting England too.
Besides (visiting) America, Sumathi is also visiting England.
8. All the pupils except Raju have paid their school fees.
All the pupils have paid their school fees except Raju.
9. Bill finds swimming more enjoyable than cycling.
Bill does not find cycling more enjoyable than swimming.
10. Although the hostage was very hungry, he refused to eat the food which he suspected might be poisonous.
11. Unlike her colleagues, Joyce drives to work.
Unlike Joyce, her colleagues do not drive to work.
12. On the teacher’s advice to pull up his socks, Sam started studying hard every day.
On the teacher’s advice, Sam pulled up his socks and started studying hard every day.
13. Having eaten too much, Sharon felt uncomfortable.
Synthesis & Transformation WS (8)1. The guard checks the doors every night to make sure that they are locked.
The guard checks the doors every night to ensure that they are locked.
2. The gardener adds fertilizer to her plants so that they will grow faster and healthier.
3. Neither Janice nor her sister was present at the meeting.
4. She could not do any of the sums because they were too difficult.
5. Mrs Lim told the children not to play in the rain.
6. They picked up the litter although they were not told to do so/it.
7. Unless he puts the dog on a leash, it will attack us.
8. My father likes neither yoghurt nor milk.
9. The monitor says that Alan has not finished his work.
10. Siti asked if/ whether she had got to attend the meeting the next/ following day.
11. Fanny asked Luke why he had taken her pencil-case without her permission.
12. If I had been present yesterday, I would have taken the Mathematics test.
13. Uncle Zahid, whom I ran into just now, promised to visit us soon.
14. Grandfather leads an active life in spite of the fact that he is already eighty years old.
Grandfather leads an active life in spite of being already eighty years old.
Synthesis & Transformation WS (9)1. Neither she nor her sisters speak Japanese.
Neither her sisters nor she speaks Japanese.
2. The house was broken into although the doors and windows were locked.
3. Sally said that she had handed in her work to Miss Low the previous day.
4. As her house was very noisy, she could not concentrate on her studies.
5. They were overwhelmed with sadness upon hearing the tragic news.
6. Tim likes to swim as much as Jack.
Jack likes to swim as much as Tim.
Tim likes swimming as much as Jack.
Jack likes swimming as much as Tim.
7. With the exception of Mala, all of us have agreed to go to the zoo.
8. The bride fell over as she (had) tripped over her skirt.
9. Passing the driving test did not make Meimei happy.
Passing the driving test failed to make Meimei happy.
10. Julie said (that) she had been summoned by her boss to see him in office the previous day/ the day before.
11. The use of performance-enhancing drugs is prohibited for athletes during competitions.
The use of performance-enhancing drugs for athletes during competitions is prohibited.
The use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes is
prohibited during competitions.
The use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes during competitions is prohibited.
12. The use of calculators by pupils for this component of the Mathematics Paper is allowed.
The use of calculators for this component of the Mathematics Paper is allowed for pupils.
Synthesis & Transformation WS (10)1. John is more likely to choose the blue shirt than the white one.
2. Neither Peter nor Ali likes vegetables.
3. Could you please pass me the screwdriver that I handed you earlier?
4. The teacher would not punish you unless you did something wrong.
5. Carolyn said that she had told Betty to meet her the following day.
6. As soon as the phone rang, the maid answered it.
7. As soon as the firemen received the call for help, they rushed out in the fire engine.
8. With regular exercise and drinking lots of water, your health will improve.
9. With regular vacuuming and mopping, the floor will be clean.
With regular vacuuming and mopping of the floor, it will be clean.
10. I apologised to him lest he get angry with me.
11. The party was held indoors owing to the rain.
12. Grandmother was too sick to get out of bed.
Synthesis & Transformation WS (11)1. The employees began to quarrel before they had (even) started working.
2. No sooner had Timothy been promoted than he started acting in a pompous manner.
3. No matter what I did to help Joe, he could not quit smoking.
4. No matter how hard Jeffrey trained every day, he did not manage to win the race.
5. No sooner had I stepped out of the house than it started to rain cats and dogs.
6. Mrs Lim asked Jamie if/ whether she had forgotten to do her duty again.
7. Sam is accustomed to getting up at the crack of dawn to go for a jog every day.
8. I would rather read a good book than watch television.
9. Mary’s lamb does not go anywhere without her.
10. Bring an umbrella along with you lest it pour suddenly.
Bring along an umbrella with you lest it pour suddenly.
11. If only the greedy boy had watched his diet, he would not have become obese.
If only the greedy boy had not refused to watch his diet, he would not have become obese.
12. The speaker could not finish his speech due to the lack of time.
The speaker could not finish his speech due to the fact that he lacked time.
Synthesis & Transformation WS (12)1. Mei Mei told her classmates (that) her brand new bag cost forty dollars.
2. The policeman asked the driver if/ whether he had driven the car into the lamp post.
3. The teacher asked Sean why it had taken him so long to complete his work.
4. No sooner had Jeffrey reached home from work than he received a call from the office.
5. No sooner had the maid put the laundry out to dry than the sky turned dark and threatening.
6. Try as I did, I could not break my previous record for high jump.
7. Despite being a highly successful model, Nadia is humble and down to earth.
Despite the fact that she is a highly successful model, Nadia is humble and down to earth.
Despite the fact that Nadia is a highly successful model, she is humble and down to earth.
8. I would rather skate than swim.
9. The police asked Mrs Smith why she had not reported the accident sooner.
The police asked Mrs Smith why she did not report the accident sooner.
10. The wanted man turned his face away from the crowd lest he be recognised.
The wanted man turned his face away from the crowd lest he is recognised.
11. John, whom I spoke to just now, is planning to throw the class a surprise party.
