Science Notes Answer Key - Our Impact on the Environment

1. -
2. Man
3. –
4. land, air, water, noise
5. Rubbish/refuse, minerals, pesticides, garbage
6. poison, growth, poisons
7. Biodegradable, decomposers, nutrients, Non-biodegradable, decomposers
8. gases
9. burning, burying, incinerators
10. chemicals, toxic
11. spills
12. soil erosion, soil, light, photosynthesis, oxygen
13. dust, smoke, monoxide
14. health
15. acid rain, metals, stones
16. global warming
17. sun, space, greenhouse effect
18. greenhouse effect, temperature
19. ice, sea level, flooding, extinct
20. noise, deafness
21. –
22. –

natural resources

1. natural recources
2. –
3. wildlife, soil, water, air, minerals
4. nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide
5. oxygen, respire, carbon dioxide
6. energy
7. 75%, digestion, nutrients, waste materials
8. minerals, humus
9. –
10. alloys, plastics, ceramic
11. petroleum, coal, natural gas, electricity
12. land, aquatic
13. food, food, medicine, materials
14. oxygen, carbon dioxide
15. air, leaves, roots, soil erosion
16. replaced, replaced
17. air, water, wildlife, minerals
18. conserve, conservation, wise, care
19. reducing, reusing, recycling.
    reduce, water, electricity
    reuse, paper, boxes, bottles
    recycle, glass, paper, steel

Science Notes Answer Key - Adaptations for Survival

1. structures / behaviours
body parts
light, warm, float
behaves
heat, hot

2. Physical
food, water, air
predators
reproduce

3. Coping with physical factors

Temperature

Body coverings to keep the animals warm in very cold environment

body, fur, air, insulator, cold

Other adaptations to survive in a very cold environment

hibernate, drops / decreases, fat, warm, clumps, black

Other adaptations to survive in a very hot environment

The camel:
Sun, heat, water, sweats, urinates, energy

Gecko:
Hides

Desert foxes:
ears, heat

Cactus:
leaves, water, stem, waxy, water

Adaptations for flight

fly, wings, muscles, feathers, warm, skin, hollow, weight

Coping with physical factors

Light:
Owl, large, clasping, tendrils, horizontally, leaves and stem, leaves, air

Water:

Moving in water:

narrow, broad, quickly

Modified limbs:

swimming, balance, forward, swimming, swimming

Swim bladders:

balloon, buoyant

Breathing in water

Gills:
carbon dioxide

Gill chambers:
air

Skin:
thin, soft, wet, oxygen

Air tube:
oxygen

Air bubble:
adapted

Special nostrils:
breathe

Blowholes:
underwater

4. Obtaining food

Getting food:
stripes, claws, prey

Eating:
teeth, nectar, curved


5. Adaptations for escaping predators

Body coverings:
rough

Camouflage:
colours, surroundings, eyespots

Warning colours:
poisonous

Appearing to look like other organisms:
adapted

Moving quickly away from danger:
predators

Living in groups:
survival

6. Adaptations for reproduction

Attracting a mate: attract, glow, light

Finding a mate:
male

Attractive flowers and fruits:
colourful, nectar, pollen grains

Seed dispersal – Methods of seed/fruit dispersal

Animals
Water
Wind
Splitting

Science Notes Answer Key - Food Chain and Food Web

1. (a) growth
   (b) repair
   (c) energy
2. food, sunlight
3. water
   sunlight
   carbon dioxide
   chlorophyll
4. water, carbon dioxide, sunlight, photosynthesis
5. energy, sugar
6. chlorophyll, light
7. carbon dioxide, oxygen
8. producers
9. consumers
10. herbivores, carnivores, omnivores
11. herbivores
12. carnivores
13. omnivores
14. chain
15. parts
16. energy
17. colours
    legs, wings
    reproduce, soil
18. web
19. increase
    decrease
    added
    removed
20. balance
21. control
22. food
23. nutrients
24. plant (left) goat (top), tiger (right), man (bottom)
25. A, C, D

Decomposers

1. decomposition
2. bacteria, fungi
3. decomposers
4. plants
5. decomposers
6. speed
7. maggots / slugs
   termites
   earthworms
   wood louse
8. decomposers
9. moist, warm
10. carbon dioxide
11. food, water, air
12. chlorophyll
13. (a) Test Tube A
    (b) Carbon dioxide is heavier than air, so the carbon dioxide is unable to reach the limewater in Test Tube B.
14. fungi
15. dark, damp
16. –
    -
    bracket fungi
    mould
17. shady
18. growth
19. decomposition
20. bacteria
21. soil, air, water, food
22. decay / decomposition
23. food, nutrients
24. splitting
25. dormant
26. splitting

Science Notes Answer Key - Characteristics of Env

1. living, non-living
2. habitat, conditions, survival
3. reproduce
4. temperature
   air
   water
   light
   food
   organisms
   soil
5. terrarium, aquarium
6. Temperature
   
   fluctuates, rise, drop
7. high, lose
8. water vapour, stomata
9. sweat
   urine
   faeces
   exhaled air
10. -
11. low, freeze
12. leaves, transpiration, hibernate
13. laboratory thermometer, datalogger, degree Celsius
14. Air - respiration
15. oxygen
16. depend
17. carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, chlorophyll, light, oxygen, carbon dioxide
18. oxygen
19. dissolved air
20. temperature, greenhouse effect
21. –
22. datalogger
23. Water- cells
24. 75
25. digested, waste materials
26. xylem
27. rain
28. water-logged, roots
29. storing, cactus, camels
30. measuring cylinder, millimetres, litres
31. Light - sunlight
32. decreases, light
33. temperature
34. warmth
35. frogs, toads, newts, salamanders, snakes, lizards, tortoises, turtles, crocodiles,
36. temperatures, surroundings, energy
37. earthworms, wood lice
38. datalogger, lux
39. Food- compete
40. predator, prey
41. Other organisms - sunlight, water, minerals
42. cutting
    polluting
43. bacteria, fungi, conditions, epidemic, extinction
44. disease-causing
45. aphids, sap
    weevils
46. Soil- (a) sandy
    (b) clayey
    (c) garden

Observing and describing the characteristics of an environment

47. (a) map
(b) rough
(c) observant, common, senses
(d) questions
(e) instruments, laboratory thermometer, dataloggers

Science Notes Answer Key - Living Together

1. micro-organisms, fungus, plant, animal
2. habitat
3. population
4. community
5. plants, animals
6. a) herbivores
   b) carnivores
   c) omnivores
7. interdependent, nutrients, food, shelter
8. population size
9. food, water, disease-causing, prey, predators, weather
10. food, shelter

A Pond Community

1. aquatic
2. –
3. sunlight
4. food, shelter
5. a) floating
   b) submerged
   c) partially – submerged
6. a) food
   b) shelter
   c) eggs
   d) oxygen
   e) carbon dioxide
7. food
8. hairy, float
9. duckweed
10. hairy, boat
11. A: to make food
    B: to keep the plant afloat
    C: to take in water

A Field Community

1. -
2. a) vernonia
   b) lalang
   c) mimosa
   d) love grass
   e) cupid’s showing brush
3. a) spider
   b) snail
   c) butterfly
   d) bee
   e) grasshopper
4. a) earthworm
   b) termite
   c) wood louse
5. loosen, aerate, nutrients

Garden Community

1. -
2. Butterflies, moths, bees
3. spider lily, balsam, ixora, sap
4. birds, snails, ladybird, toads, dragonflies, praying mantis
5. colours
6. moths, lizards, spiders, stink bugs, caterpillars
7. –

A Single-Plant Community

1. banana, sweet potato,
2. populations ants, aphids, grasshoppers, caterpillars
3. plant, leaves

A Sea-Shore Community
1. wet
2. shade
3. sandy, muddy
4. -
5. worms, barnacles, crabs, jellyfish
6. seaweed, mosses

A Rotting Log Community

1. soil
2. brown
3. a) earthworms
   b) ants
   c) millipedes
   d) centipedes
   e) slugs
   f) termites
   g) wood louse
   h) beetle larva
4. ferns, fungi

A Leaf-Litter Community

1. darkness, dampness
2. dead, rotting
3. brown
4. dark, damp

Science Notes Answer Key - Forces

1. Force
2. start, stop, faster, slower, direction, shape
3. faster, further
4. gravity, elastic spring, friction, magnetic
5. friction
6. opposes motion
7. rough, smooth
8. heat
9. soles, slipping, patterns, skidding
10. lubricants, rollers, wheels
11. Elastic
12. stretch, longer
13. compresses
14. elastic spring
15. gravity, magnetic
16. gravity, fall
17. distance
18. lesser
19. reduced
20. weight
21. force, matter
22. Newtons, weight
23. magnetic
24. iron, steel
25. glass, wood, plastic, paper, rubber, aluminium, copper
26. non-magnetic
27. repel, attract

Science Notes Answer Key - Energy

1. Sun
2. energy
3. created, destroyed, changed
4. Kinetic, potential, heat, sound, electrical, light
5. kinetic, movement
6. increases, faster
7. –
8. potential
9. changed, shape
10. stretched, compressed, bent
11. more, more
12. gravitational, chemical
13. raised
14. position, further, more
15. changed / converted
16. chemical
17. energy
18. respiration
19. chemical, electrical
20. light, heat
21. oil, coal, wood, natural gas
22. stretched, compressed, springs
23. light
24. reflect
25. heat
26. movement, electricity, fuels
27. heat
28. iron, toaster
29. burning
30. sound
31. electrical
32. converted / changed, kinetic, heat, sound
33. converted / changed
34. chemical, light, heat
35. chemical -> electrical -> light + heat
36. computer -> light + sound + heat
    hydroelectric dam - kinetic + electrical + sound + heat
    wound-up toy -> kinetic + sound + heat
37. replenished
38. cannot
    
    
    Renewable
39. Hydroelectric, Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Tidal
    
    Non-renewable
    Nuclear, Fossil, coal
40. running
41. gravitational, kinetic, electrical
42. solar, light, heat
43. light, photosynthesis
44. light, electrical
45. wind, kinetic
46. kinetic
47. kinetic, electrical
48. electricity, geothermal, renewable
49. gravitational attraction
50. kinetic
51. kinetic, electrical
52. renewable
53. nuclear
54. –
55. renewable
56. radiation
57. natural, chemical, burnt, light, heat
58. solar, chemical, chemical, oil, natural gas
59. electrical
60. renewable, carbon dioxide